Chapters include PMR Chapter 5 and UEC Chapters 6 and 7.
Pointers for PMR Chapter 5
1. Physical Characteristics of Water (include impurities)
2. Composition of Water
3. Factors affecting the rate of evaporation of water
4. Differences between evaporation and boiling
5. Organic solvents
6. Properties of acid and alkali (understand neutralisation)
7. Methods to purify water
Pointers for UEC Chapter 6
1. Make sure you know these terms:
fusion, solidification, vaporization, liquefaction, evaporation, boiling, sublimation and latent heat.
2. Go through the examples for calculating latent heat of fusion and latent heat of vaporization.
Pointers for UEC Chapter 7
1. Clear about the following terms:
solute, solvent, solution, dilute, concentrated, saturated
2. Effects of temperature on solubility of solute
3. Able to differentiate the following liquids:
solution, suspension, emulsion, colloids
4. Go through the examples for calculating mass percentage concentration of solution.
Monday, July 26, 2010
Saturday, May 15, 2010
J2 Science (Term2, 2010) - Exam Tips
Tip 1 - 4 main diagrams for labelling. Make sure you know how to spell the terms correctly. Be careful with the diagrams above. Some of the labellings are different from your textbook.
Tip 2 - Know the definitions of the main terminologies. Following are the important ones.
a) excretory
b) photosynthesis
c) respiration
d) transpiration
e) asexual reproduction in plants
Tip 3 - Know what they consist of. Examples are as follow;
a) Blood is consist of blood corpuscles and blood plasma as blood corpuscles are consist of ...
b) Lymphatic system consists of ...
c) Blood in the renal artery consists of ...
d) Microorganisms consist ...
e) The vegetative organs of natural vegetative propagation consist of ...
Tip 4 - Know the functions.
a) erythrocyte, leucocyte, thrombocyte
b) functions of blood
c) 2 functions of kidney
d) 5 functions of skin
e) functions of the 5 different parts of the brains
f) functions of transpiration
Tip 5 - Know the differences
a) Between the 3 types of blood vessels
b) Between the brain and spinal cord
c) Between reflex arc and reflex action
d) Between the 4 main types of mircoorganisms
e) Between mitosis and meiosis and also amitosis
f) Between photosynthesis and respiration in plants
g) Between diffusion and osmosis
Tip 6 - Knowing the factors
a) The 3 factors that enable water to sip upward through xylem
b) Factors affecting transpiration
Tip 7 - Topical importance
Circulatory System
- know the structure of the heart, internally as well as externally
- know the composition of blood
- have basic understanding of blood group and the universality of certain type
- know the function of blood
- know the differences of the 3 types of blood vessel
- basic understanding of the lymphatic system
Excretory System
- know as much as the textbook has on the kidney
- know the functions of skin
Nervous System
- understand the diagram on pg 276
- know the parts of neurone and its functions
- know how neurone is classified
- know how brain is divided and their related function
- go through the test paper on nervous system for a good revision effort
Microorganisms
- know the basic of each type
- know their functions
- know their shapes
- basic understanding of the structure
Division of Cells
- The table in pg 187 pretty much conclude mitosis and meiosis
- basic understanding of the growth of plants especially the roots
- do not need to draw the flow diagram of nucleus splitting
Photosynthesis and Respiration in Plants
- their their definitions and differences
- know their processes and the needed conditions
- know how experiments are conducted to verify the processes
- know why some of the things are used in experiments like iodine, sodium hydroxide, beans instead of plants
- be familiar with the experiment in pg 194
- table in pg 199 is very important
Transportation and Transpiration in Plants
- make sure you know what is diffusion and osmosis and their differences
- be familiar with the structure of the transporting system in plants in particular the dicotyledon plants
- knowing the function of xylem and phloem
- knowing the forces in play that enable water to sip up the xylem from roots
- know the functions of transpirations
- know the factors affecting transpiration
- know the modifications of leaves to reduce transpiration
Reproduction in Plants
- focus only in asexual reproduction
- know how to differentiate the vegetative organs
- know the common artificial vegetative propagation methods
- understand the advantages and disadvantages of vegetative propagation
Biodiversity
- know how to classify vertebrates
- know how to classify flowering plants
- know the importance of biodiversity
This list of exam tips is quite exhaustive. Use it as a check list to ensure all needed knowledge are in your grey matter before you set foot into the exam room. Though the list looks long and a bit intimidating, it is actually quite basic. If you know most of what is in this list, you sure get flying colours on your science exam. If you have any question regarding J2 science, post it in my fb. I will answer from there.
J1 Math (Term 2, 2010) - Exam Tips
Things that you MUST know for this coming exam from each chapter are as follow;
Chapter 1:
a) Order of Operators
Solve brackets first, then multiplications and divisions and then additions and subtractions.
Redo Rev Ex 1j - pg 14 (Questions 1 to 16)
It will be very helpful if you can make use of Commutative Law (pg 7), Associative Law (pg 7) and Distributive Law (pg 9) to simplify your calculations.
b) Average
Redo Ex 1i - pg 14 (all questions)
Chapter 2:
a) Important Terminologies
You need to know what are odd and even, factors and multipliers and prime and composite numbers. Of these, the most important one is prime numbers. Try to memorise prime numbers until 100.
2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97, 101
b) H.C.F and L.C.M.
Must know how to find these. Also must know what to do with remainders. For H.C.F., minus the remainder from the numbers first before dividing. For L.C.M., divide first then add the remainder to L.C.M.
Redo Ex 2e - pg 24 (Questions with remainder) and Rev Ex 2f - pg 25 (Question 6)
Chapter 3:
a) Arithmetical Operations on Fractions
Similar to the order of operations in Chapter 1.
Redo Ex 3h - pg 44 (all questions)
b) Complex Fractions
When you are faced with these fractions, always solve the shortest dividing line first.
Redo Ex 3i - pg 47 (all questions)
* Redo Rev Ex 3k - pg 55 (Questions 1 - 15) for the overall strengthening of the needed conceptual skills.
Chapter 4:
a) Order of Operations on Decimal Numbers
This section is always mixed with other number types like + integers, - integers, fractions and percentages in arithmetical questions. As long as you do not mix up the order of operations as in Chapter 1, you will be okay.
b) Significant Figures and Standard Form (Scientific Notation)
Make sure you know what are these. Refer to pg 71 and 72 to refresh your memory.
Redo Ex 4h - pg 72, 73 (Questions 2, 3 and 4).
c) Metric System Conversion
Make sure you know how the conversions are done. These units normally are found in words problems. Do the following exercise for good revisions.
Redo Ex 4k - pg 82 (Question 1 to 9)
Chapter 5:
a) You must be able to change different number types into fractions and also the opposite way.
Redo Ex 5a - pg 87 (all questions)
b) Understand how to solve percentage change
Redo Ex 5c - pg 93 (Questions 1 to 10)
c) Percentage Profit and Loss
Redo Ex 5d - pg 96 (Question 1 to 7)
d) Discount and Commission
Redo Ex 5e - pg 99 (Question 1 to 5)
e) Simple Interest.
Remember two formulae, the I and Amount.
Redo Ex 5f - pg 103 (Questions 1 to 5
Chapter 6:
a) Arithmetical Order of Positive and Negative Numbers.
The order of Operations in Chapter 1 applies here as well. Be careful as you will need to solve the postive
and negative symbols first before the numbers.
Redo Ex 6i -pg 128 (all questions0 and Rev Ex gj - pg 128 (Questions 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8)
b) Index of the Positive and Negative Numbers
Redo Ex 6h - pg 126 (all questions)
c) Absolute Value
This is very easy but make sure to spot the sign correctly.
Redo Ex 6k - pg 130, 131 (Questions 2, 3, and 4)
Chapter 7:
a) Square Root Table
Must know how to use square root table to find square root numbers including those bigger than 99.99 and smaller than 1. Practice until you are sure.
Redo Ex 7f - pg 142 (Questions 13 to 28)
b) Cube Root
Memorise the following cube and cube root numbers.
1 cube = 1, 2 cube = 8, 3 cube = 27, 4 cube = 64, 5 cube = 125, 6 cube = 216, 7 cube = 343, 8 cube = 512, 9 cube = 729, 10 cube = 1000, 11 cube = 1331, 12 cube = 1728
Redo Ex 7g - pg 143 (all questions)
* Redo Rev Ex 7h - pg 145 (all questions) for good overall revision of this chapter.
Chapter 8:
a) Value of Algebraic Expression
If you can do the following exercises, you will be able to do the exam questions easily.
Redo Ex 8b - pg 151 (Questions 1 to 7)
b) Arithmetical Operations in Algebra
The Order of Operations is similar to Chapter 1. However, solve the + and - symbols first, then numbers (coefficient) and then the alphabets (variables).
Redo Ex 8e - pg 159 (all questions) and Rev Ex 8f - pg 160 (Questions 5, 6 and 7)
c) Algebraic Terminologies
Make sure you know what is constant, coefficient and variable.
If you go through the above exercises, the exam paper will not be difficult. Good luck and may peace be with you all. Should you have any questions on J1 Math, just post it on the Teacher Bobby page. I will answer from there.
Chapter 1:
a) Order of Operators
Solve brackets first, then multiplications and divisions and then additions and subtractions.
Redo Rev Ex 1j - pg 14 (Questions 1 to 16)
It will be very helpful if you can make use of Commutative Law (pg 7), Associative Law (pg 7) and Distributive Law (pg 9) to simplify your calculations.
b) Average
Redo Ex 1i - pg 14 (all questions)
Chapter 2:
a) Important Terminologies
You need to know what are odd and even, factors and multipliers and prime and composite numbers. Of these, the most important one is prime numbers. Try to memorise prime numbers until 100.
2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97, 101
b) H.C.F and L.C.M.
Must know how to find these. Also must know what to do with remainders. For H.C.F., minus the remainder from the numbers first before dividing. For L.C.M., divide first then add the remainder to L.C.M.
Redo Ex 2e - pg 24 (Questions with remainder) and Rev Ex 2f - pg 25 (Question 6)
Chapter 3:
a) Arithmetical Operations on Fractions
Similar to the order of operations in Chapter 1.
Redo Ex 3h - pg 44 (all questions)
b) Complex Fractions
When you are faced with these fractions, always solve the shortest dividing line first.
Redo Ex 3i - pg 47 (all questions)
* Redo Rev Ex 3k - pg 55 (Questions 1 - 15) for the overall strengthening of the needed conceptual skills.
Chapter 4:
a) Order of Operations on Decimal Numbers
This section is always mixed with other number types like + integers, - integers, fractions and percentages in arithmetical questions. As long as you do not mix up the order of operations as in Chapter 1, you will be okay.
b) Significant Figures and Standard Form (Scientific Notation)
Make sure you know what are these. Refer to pg 71 and 72 to refresh your memory.
Redo Ex 4h - pg 72, 73 (Questions 2, 3 and 4).
c) Metric System Conversion
Make sure you know how the conversions are done. These units normally are found in words problems. Do the following exercise for good revisions.
Redo Ex 4k - pg 82 (Question 1 to 9)
Chapter 5:
a) You must be able to change different number types into fractions and also the opposite way.
Redo Ex 5a - pg 87 (all questions)
b) Understand how to solve percentage change
Redo Ex 5c - pg 93 (Questions 1 to 10)
c) Percentage Profit and Loss
Redo Ex 5d - pg 96 (Question 1 to 7)
d) Discount and Commission
Redo Ex 5e - pg 99 (Question 1 to 5)
e) Simple Interest.
Remember two formulae, the I and Amount.
Redo Ex 5f - pg 103 (Questions 1 to 5
Chapter 6:
a) Arithmetical Order of Positive and Negative Numbers.
The order of Operations in Chapter 1 applies here as well. Be careful as you will need to solve the postive
and negative symbols first before the numbers.
Redo Ex 6i -pg 128 (all questions0 and Rev Ex gj - pg 128 (Questions 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8)
b) Index of the Positive and Negative Numbers
Redo Ex 6h - pg 126 (all questions)
c) Absolute Value
This is very easy but make sure to spot the sign correctly.
Redo Ex 6k - pg 130, 131 (Questions 2, 3, and 4)
Chapter 7:
a) Square Root Table
Must know how to use square root table to find square root numbers including those bigger than 99.99 and smaller than 1. Practice until you are sure.
Redo Ex 7f - pg 142 (Questions 13 to 28)
b) Cube Root
Memorise the following cube and cube root numbers.
1 cube = 1, 2 cube = 8, 3 cube = 27, 4 cube = 64, 5 cube = 125, 6 cube = 216, 7 cube = 343, 8 cube = 512, 9 cube = 729, 10 cube = 1000, 11 cube = 1331, 12 cube = 1728
Redo Ex 7g - pg 143 (all questions)
* Redo Rev Ex 7h - pg 145 (all questions) for good overall revision of this chapter.
Chapter 8:
a) Value of Algebraic Expression
If you can do the following exercises, you will be able to do the exam questions easily.
Redo Ex 8b - pg 151 (Questions 1 to 7)
b) Arithmetical Operations in Algebra
The Order of Operations is similar to Chapter 1. However, solve the + and - symbols first, then numbers (coefficient) and then the alphabets (variables).
Redo Ex 8e - pg 159 (all questions) and Rev Ex 8f - pg 160 (Questions 5, 6 and 7)
c) Algebraic Terminologies
Make sure you know what is constant, coefficient and variable.
If you go through the above exercises, the exam paper will not be difficult. Good luck and may peace be with you all. Should you have any questions on J1 Math, just post it on the Teacher Bobby page. I will answer from there.
Sunday, November 8, 2009
Gaming Kids
There are many reports that state the negative effects of computer games have on kids. There are also times where kids have died from over indulging in the ecstasy of the online gaming world. Other much reported adverse effects of these online games have on kids include promoting violence, cultivating social isolation, dampening attention deficient (deficiency) disorder, creating unreal expectation in kids and the inability to differentiate between what is real and what is virtual. It all seems bleak from the parental point of view as to how kids can be refrained from this unhealthy world of online games.
However are online games all bad news? Basically, there are only very few stuff that are all bad and online games are not one of them. There are in fact many goods that can come out of online games such as creativity, competitiveness, alertness and even fruitful careers among others. The underlying problem here is that kids are not properly guided to benefit from this new and exciting media of online gaming environment.
Take for example driving cars. As there are countless road accidents that resulted in fatalities, does that mean driving on the road is all bad? Isn't it good for a bully to learn self-discipline through martial-arts trainings? Conclusively, one should not look only on the surface of a seemingly problematic endeavour like participating in online games. One should learn to work the good out of it to gain all the potential benefits. Do you agree? Please comment...
However are online games all bad news? Basically, there are only very few stuff that are all bad and online games are not one of them. There are in fact many goods that can come out of online games such as creativity, competitiveness, alertness and even fruitful careers among others. The underlying problem here is that kids are not properly guided to benefit from this new and exciting media of online gaming environment.
Take for example driving cars. As there are countless road accidents that resulted in fatalities, does that mean driving on the road is all bad? Isn't it good for a bully to learn self-discipline through martial-arts trainings? Conclusively, one should not look only on the surface of a seemingly problematic endeavour like participating in online games. One should learn to work the good out of it to gain all the potential benefits. Do you agree? Please comment...
Monday, October 26, 2009
Luxury and Kids
The best for kids is not to let them have the best. Moderation and average breed appreciation. When kids indulge in constant luxuries, luxurious pampering will be regarded as norms. Luxury will then rob off the innocence joy of simplicity of life from kids.
For example for a cup of hot beverage like hot chocolate or latte, to enjoy it is to have it in an expensive joint like Starbucks, Coffee Bean or maybe an upscale cafe but never in an open stall. I have come across teenagers who refused to go out with friends with non-designer jeans.
However, luxury is relative. Some view Mercedes Benz as a common car while others might view it as a luxury. It is somewhat educational to guide kids to differentiate luxury from the average base on the financial standing of the family. On the other hand, it will be much much more beneficial if kids are able to appreciate simplicity from the sophistication.
Occasional luxury can do wonders in building a close and meaning family ties. Constant indulgence in luxury will bring upon more harm than good for a kid. Do you agree? Please comment...
For example for a cup of hot beverage like hot chocolate or latte, to enjoy it is to have it in an expensive joint like Starbucks, Coffee Bean or maybe an upscale cafe but never in an open stall. I have come across teenagers who refused to go out with friends with non-designer jeans.
However, luxury is relative. Some view Mercedes Benz as a common car while others might view it as a luxury. It is somewhat educational to guide kids to differentiate luxury from the average base on the financial standing of the family. On the other hand, it will be much much more beneficial if kids are able to appreciate simplicity from the sophistication.
Occasional luxury can do wonders in building a close and meaning family ties. Constant indulgence in luxury will bring upon more harm than good for a kid. Do you agree? Please comment...
Wednesday, October 14, 2009
Kids' Integrity
Recently a couple of teachers commented that the answer sheets for multiple choice questions (MCQ) were deliberately designed in such a way as to make copying difficult for exam candidates during exams. This had triggered the juice in my grey matter to flow and it kept me thinking about integrity, a value we valued greatly from others but seldom from ourselves.
Honesty, the basis of integrity, was once thought to be the best policy. However, nowadays, honesty no longer enjoyed that status anymore. At times, honesty was even regarded as stupid or inappropriate. When there was no honesty, how could integrity exist?
How should our educational system promote integrity? How should one instill honesty within a child? For me, leading by example is the only foreseeable approach. People around our kids, namely the adults they can and should trust, must live by example. Do you agree? Please comment...
Honesty, the basis of integrity, was once thought to be the best policy. However, nowadays, honesty no longer enjoyed that status anymore. At times, honesty was even regarded as stupid or inappropriate. When there was no honesty, how could integrity exist?
How should our educational system promote integrity? How should one instill honesty within a child? For me, leading by example is the only foreseeable approach. People around our kids, namely the adults they can and should trust, must live by example. Do you agree? Please comment...
Thursday, October 8, 2009
Tuitioning Kid$
In this part of the world where I live, tuitioning kids are a very lucrative endeavour. Income from tuitioning kids on part-time basis usually exceeds the income of a common full-time job. When tuitioning kids become the full-time job, income is only second to the top management salary in the corporate world.
This dollar issue has somehow led to a very serious problem. Any Tom, Dick or Harry and Auntie, Siti or Mary suddenly become a 'legitimate' tuition teacher. Unquestionably some are highly qualified teachers, very experienced and truly dedicated in aiding kids in the process of learning. However, most are jokers and know nuts about teaching or even the requirements of the syllabus.
I have come across a tuition teacher who conducts tuition sessions with a ratio of one teacher to sixty students! I have also encountered countless people with very limited education conduct tuition sessions even for students preparing for major public examinations. Sad to mention also, much too often tuition teachers have problems solving even basic homework questions from school.
This is 'money over everything' kind of attitude. Who cares whether the kids are really benefitting from their tuition classes? As long as parents are paying, there will always be willing souls to tuition their kids, for one reason or another. Do you agree? Please comment...
This dollar issue has somehow led to a very serious problem. Any Tom, Dick or Harry and Auntie, Siti or Mary suddenly become a 'legitimate' tuition teacher. Unquestionably some are highly qualified teachers, very experienced and truly dedicated in aiding kids in the process of learning. However, most are jokers and know nuts about teaching or even the requirements of the syllabus.
I have come across a tuition teacher who conducts tuition sessions with a ratio of one teacher to sixty students! I have also encountered countless people with very limited education conduct tuition sessions even for students preparing for major public examinations. Sad to mention also, much too often tuition teachers have problems solving even basic homework questions from school.
This is 'money over everything' kind of attitude. Who cares whether the kids are really benefitting from their tuition classes? As long as parents are paying, there will always be willing souls to tuition their kids, for one reason or another. Do you agree? Please comment...
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